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A Worldwide Directory of Pewter, Copper and other metals.
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There were 29 articles found in this category:
  1. questionSurface Mining for Minerals & Metals
    Surface mining is a method used to extract minerals and metals which are near the surface of the Earth. There are three basic types of surface mining: open pit mining, strip mining, and quarry mining. These methods are much more economical than underground mining, yet they can have a more signi ...

  2. questionTungsten Carbide
    Tungsten Carbide is an inorganic chemical compound which contains equal numbers of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, it is a fine gray powder which can be pressed and formed into shapes for use in industrial machinery, tools, abrasives, as well as men's jewellery. The notable ...

  3. questionWhite Bronze
    White bronze is an ideal substitute for nickel and silver because of its appearance and chemical properties. It is nonmagnetic, very smooth, and virtually nonporous. It resists corrosion and breakdown. It does not tarnish and so has an advantage over silver. It is actually not bronze, but an all ...

  4. questionChloramelanite
    A dark green to black variety of Jadeite. Jadeite is one of the minerals recognized as the gemstone jade. The most highly valued colours of jadeite are the most intensely green, translucent varieties, though traditionally white has been considered the most valuable of the jades by the Chinese, ...

  5. questionZirconium
    Reactor-grade zirconium is essentially free of hafnium. Zircaloy is an important alloy developed specifically for nuclear applications. Zirconium is exceptionally resistant to corrosion by many common acids and alkalis, by sea water, and by other agents. Alloyed with zinc, zirconium becomes mag ...

  6. questionTitanium
    Titanium is obtained from various ores that occur naturally on the earth. The primary ores used for titanium production include ilmenite, leucoxene, and rutile. Other notable sources include anatase, perovskite, and sphene. The applications of titanium and its alloys are numerous. The aerospace ...

  7. questionCobalt
    Cobalt is a metallic chemical element which is rather hard and brittle in its pure form. It is used industrially in a number of ways, and is also refined to produce salts and isotopes which have other practical applications. In addition to being an important part of many products, cobalt is al ...

  8. questionSpelter
    Spelter is a synonym for a zinc alloy. Figurines, candlesticks, and other pieces were made of spelter and given a bronze or painted finish. The metal has been used since about the 1860s to make statues, tablewares, and lamps that resemble bronze. Spelter is soft and breaks easily. To test for sp ...

  9. questionZinc
    Bluish-white metallic element. It is used to form various alloys such as brass, bronze and nickel silver. Zinc was not produced commercially in Britain until the 18thC. Ancient use Late Roman brass bucket – the Hemmoorer Eimer from Warstade, Germany second to third century AD ...

  10. questionCollecting Pewter - Care and conservation
    How you care for your pewter depends on the appearance you wish to achieve and maintain. In daily use, pewter was kept bright and polished and some collectors prefer this appearance. Pewter does not tarnish like silver, so a periodic clean with an all-purpose metal (not silver) polish will ke ...

  11. questionCollecting Pewter - Fakes, Forgeries & Reproductions
    Every collector has made mistakes and been caught out at some time, often more than once and it should not be considered a mark of shame, rather, experience! Firstly, one needs to understand the difference between the terms: A reproduction is a modern copy of a period piece following original ...

  12. questionCollecting Pewter - Non British or Irish Pewter
    Most Collectors tend to have a preference for British & Irish pewter but most will extend this interest and have somewhere in their collections one or more items from Europe or America. European Pewterwares were made in virtually all European countries, especially in the north, and examples w ...

  13. questionCollecting Pewter - What to look out for
    New collectors learn by experience but it is useful to look out for: Condition The better the condition of any piece, the more desirable it is. This does not mean to say that there should not be signs of use or wear, which in themselves add to interest. It is more important to look out for da ...

  14. questionCollecting Pewter
    Themes for the Specialist Collector There are lots of themes which lead to specialist collecting and it is often the social context which, in turn adds interest. Measures The capacities of vessels for both liquid and dry goods have been regulated for centuries and pewter was a suitably dur ...

  15. questionPewter - 1600-1800
    The early part of this period is described as the Golden Age for pewter manufacture, a time when even grand houses used pewter as well as silver for domestic use and a time which preceded the introduction of mass-produced ceramic wares, which ultimately replaced pewter, especially plates and d ...

  16. questionPewter - 19th Century
    It is from this century that most budding enthusiasts will start their collection and many will not venture much further because of the varied subject matter and the ready availability of items. Pub tankards, mugs and measures were made all over the country in the 19th century: although mass- ...

  17. questionPewter - 20th Century
    There are lots of examples of pewter wares from this period around. Few families have not had in their cupboards at one time or another beer mugs or parts of a pre-war pewter tea service. Many of these are good quality and aesthetically pleasing; however, the variety is limited and most collec ...

  18. questionPewter Marks II
    Pewter is frequently found without a single mark, top, bottom, inside or out. Much is laden with a wide variety of intriguing numbers, letters, words, and symbols that provides clues to maker, age, origin, and use. The following is an introduction to British pewter marks with refere ...

  19. questionPewterers' Marks
    Pewterers' marks fall into five broad categories: touch marks, hallmarks, quality marks, labels and catalogue numbers. Below is an example of the marks of a pewterer who used four of these five types of marks (touch mark, hallmark, quality mark and a label). For most pewter, the best guide to ...

  20. questionPewter
    Pewter is essentially tin but to be worked it has to be mixed with other metals. In past centuries there were laid down strict specifications for the alloy and up to the end of the eighteenth century pewter manufacture throughout England was monitored. The alloy used today in pieces ...

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